M9 ROOTSTOCK

It is a dwarf tree suitable for close planting. It displays growth at a rate of 30-40% of conventional apple rootstocks. It is resistant to crown rot disease and moderately sensitive to fire blight and woolly aphid. It requires support systems during growing. Such varieties as Scarlett Spur, Redchief and Starkspur Golden which display a spur growth should not be grafted on it. It should be recommended for those places where irrigation opportunities are not restricted. It is moderately resistant in calcareous and heavy-textured soils. The greatest advantage is that it bears fruit early and has a good fruit quality as well as getting a high yield per unit area in a short time.

MM111 ROOTSTOCK

- It is one of the vigorously growing rootstocks and forms a crown diameter at a rate of 75% of a standard seedling rootstock.
- It is resistant to woolly aphid and is an ideal rootstock in restricted irrigation conditions and for soils of sandy and loamy character.
- It is excellently compatible with such new varieties as Fuji, Gala and Pink Lady.
- As it develops a strong root system, it does not require any support system.
- On this rootstock, spur varieties may be planted with row-top spaces of 2,5-3 meters and intra-row spaces of 4 meters and standard varieties with row-top spaces of 3-3,5 meters and intra-row spaces of 5 meters.
– M9 rootstock has been being grafted as an intermediate graft on MM111 rootstock in some countries in recent years. Thus, superior properties of both rootstocks are combined while trees more dwarfish than MM111 that have a strong root system are obtained.

MM 106

- It is a semi-dwarf apple clone rootstock. It is of growth strength similar to M7 rootstock and displays growth at a rate of 50-60% of an apple standard seedling rootstock.
- It is sensitive to Phytophthora and resistant to woolly aphid and fire blight.
- It must not definitely be used in heavy-textured soils which are not well drained.
- It causes the variety on which it is grafted to bear fruit early.
- It is a good rootstock for those varieties displaying spur characteristic (slow growing varieties).
- Variety on which it is grafted ripens several days later as compared to M9 rootstock.
- Root system does not require support systems as it grows better as compared to M9 rootstock.
- In orchards established with this rootstock, row-top spaces are 2-2,5 meters and intra-row spacing is 3,5-4 meters and the number of saplings required per decare varies from 85 to 120.
- Closer orchards may be established with spur (semi-dwarf) varieties on this rootstock.
- It does not form many base shoots.